Feoh
f · /f/
wealth, cattle
Anglo-Saxon Futhorc
Anglo-Saxon Futhorc was the runic alphabet used in Anglo-Saxon England. Its 28 runes adapted the Elder Futhark to the sounds of Old English.
28 runes · c. 5th–11th centuries CE
Ur
u · /u(ː)/
aurochs, ox
Thorn
þ · /θ/
thorn
Os
o · /o(ː)/
god, mouth
Rad
r · /r/
ride, journey
Cen
c · /k/
torch
Gyfu
g · /ɡ/
gift
Wynn
w · /w/
joy
Hægl
h · /h/
hail
Nyd
n · /n/
need, distress
Is
i · /i(ː)/
ice
Ger
j · /j/
year, harvest
Eoh
ï · possibly /eː/
yew
Peorð
p · /p/
meaning unknown
Eolh
x · /ks/
elk sedge
Sigel
s · /s/
sun
Tir
t · /t/
star, the god Tīr
Beorc
b · /b/
birch
Eh
e · /e/
horse
Mann
m · /m/
man, human
Lagu
l · /l/
water, lake
Ing
ŋ · /ŋ/
the god Ing
Dæg
d · /d/
day
Eþel
œ · possibly /øː/
estate, homeland
Ac
a · /ɑː/
oak
Æsc
æ · /æ/
ash
Yr
y · /y(ː)/
bow, yew
Ior
io · /io/
eel
History
Futhorc takes its name from the first runes of the sequence: f, u, th, o, r, c. It developed from the Elder Futhark after Germanic peoples settled in Britain, adding new runes for sounds that Old English had gained.
The rune row appears on early inscriptions in stone and metal, such as the 8th-century Ruthwell Cross, and in later manuscripts including the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem. After the Norman Conquest, Latin script gradually replaced runes.
Sources
Character order and forms follow Unicode; names and sounds are reconstructed from runological sources.
- The Unicode Consortium, Runic (U+16A0-U+16FF)
- R. I. Page, An Introduction to English Runes (1999)